Eras 0 and 1 asked whether a model's lineage does better than blind rules, and both times it did not. Their founders had one knob, and a near-miss was lethal, so every gain in every arm was the knob turned finer. Era 2 starts from PM-1, a founder written by hand with no knob, where a layout that fails costs nothing. Five arms share one physics and one training set in every run. The lineage has Qwen3.6 rewrite functions under selection. Blind rules and blind tree edits make the same rewrites with no model. The 7B's lineage uses the small model of eras 0 and 1. The AI alone is Qwen3.6 asked for whole programs, as many as the lineage's written tokens buy. The line to cross is 0.20516 on the panel, the ceiling of the founder's grid.
Under the same selection and births, the model's lineage beat blind rules by 0.0103, higher in sixteen of sixteen runs (p = 1/65536): by more than the 0.003 margin in eight, and in six by less than 10⁻⁹, both champions still on the founder's grid. In ten of sixteen runs its champion left the founder's design, certified exactly; the rules' did in none. The same model asked alone for whole programs, at the lineage's written tokens, did better still, by 0.0136, and crossed in fourteen.
Each run is one lane. An arm's champion is its child with the best certified training score in the run; the panel then scores it once, on eight instances never used for selection. The dotted tick is the founder, designated and not selected; the guide line is 0.20516, the ceiling of the founder's grid.
H2 is the exact sign-flip test on the sum of the sixteen differences, against all 65,536 ways of flipping their signs. Its verdict is read from the exact 90% interval for the mean shift, with an equivalence margin of 0.003. S1 to S3 were tested only because H2 was supported, under Holm's correction. E is an existence claim: one champion above the ceiling, certified exactly by both deciders, is proof that a lineage left its founder's design.
| Hypothesis | difference | mean | median | p, exact | 90% interval | verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2 The lineage's champion (Qwen3.6) scores higher on the panel than blind rules', run for run. | panel(lineage) − panel(rules) | +0.01033 | +0.00650 | 1/655360.0000 | +0.00371 to +0.01830 | supportedsuperior |
| S1 The lineage's champion scores higher than the same model's asked alone: evolution adds to the model. | panel(lineage) − panel(AI alone) | −0.01357 | −0.01187 | 32767/327681.0000 | −0.01741 to −0.00972 | not supportedthe AI alone betterHolm |
| S2 The lineage's champion scores higher than the 7B's lineage: model strength matters under selection. | panel(lineage) − panel(7B) | +0.00622 | +0.00556 | 1/10240.0010 | +0.00338 to +0.00898 | supportedsuperiorHolm |
| S3 The lineage's champion scores higher than blind tree edits': the step needs the model. | panel(lineage) − panel(tree) | +0.00576 | +0.00188 | 3/655360.0000 | +0.00289 to +0.00859 | supportedsuperiorHolm |
| E A lineage champion stands above the ceiling of the founder's design, certified exactly. | panel(lineage) > 0.20516 | 10 of 16 runs+0.01111, +0.00143, +0.00187, +0.01111, +0.01111, +0.01111, +0.01111, +0.01111, +0.02027, +0.00187 | supportedexistence | |||
| arm | champion above the ceiling, certified by both deciders |
|---|---|
| lineage | 10 of 16 |
| rules | 0 of 16 |
| blind tree edits | 0 of 16 |
| the 7B's lineage | 0 of 16 |
| the AI alone | 14 of 16 |
The run drawn here is the first, by name, whose lineage champion crossed the ceiling. The lineage's champion, LQ-40-1, is 22 inherited edits from the founder, 8 of them rewrites by the model and the rest by blind rules; every AI-alone child is one answer about the founder.
Above, each form: its genome laid out by one page of rules, ringed in blue where it changed since the founder and filled blue where it grew something new. Below, its packing of (26, 1), scored exactly. The founder's grid stops at 0.20516.
Counted over the sixteen confirmatory runs in. Every rewrite by the rules or by the tree also had to compile and be one function of the same name; a child whose program was already judged in the run carried that decision instead of living again.
| arm | births | lived | died | stillborn | carried | model tokens | fuel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lineage | 25,600 | 13,480 | 2,621 | 9,499 | 135 | 23,613,172 | 2.81 × 10¹³ |
| rules | 25,600 | 11,391 | 3,821 | 10,387 | 71 | 0 | 2.71 × 10¹³ |
| blind tree edits | 25,600 | 11,377 | 5,242 | 8,981 | 81 | 0 | 3.08 × 10¹³ |
| the 7B's lineage | 25,600 | 11,642 | 2,957 | 11,001 | 117 | 22,058,314 | 2.67 × 10¹³ |
| the AI alone | 231 | 135 | 32 | 64 | 0 | 1,694,847 | 3.24 × 10¹² |
Three readings of the record that the protocol names and does not test: the landscape of tree-edit distance against fitness, knockouts on the champions that crossed, and a flag for layouts that are a literal table of coordinates. Nothing here was pre-registered; nothing here is a test.
| arm | operator | lived | median distance | max | better than the parent | the same | worse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lineage | point mutation | 2,405 | 1 | 1 | 0.7% | 74.7% | 24.5% |
| lineage | insertion | 2,828 | 6 | 72 | 0.0% | 94.3% | 5.7% |
| lineage | deletion | 1,771 | 9 | 140 | 0.5% | 91.5% | 8.0% |
| lineage | duplication | 2,708 | 98 | 462 | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% |
| lineage | rewrite of a function | 4,597 | 12 | 177 | 1.2% | 88.5% | 10.4% |
| blind rules | point mutation | 2,442 | 1 | 1 | 1.5% | 82.8% | 15.7% |
| blind rules | insertion | 2,708 | 5 | 58 | 0.0% | 99.3% | 0.7% |
| blind rules | deletion | 1,649 | 9 | 166 | 0.6% | 99.0% | 0.4% |
| blind rules | duplication | 2,664 | 67 | 451 | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% |
| blind rules | rewrite of a function | 2,652 | 9 | 223 | 0.2% | 94.8% | 5.1% |
| blind tree edits | point mutation | 2,532 | 1 | 1 | 1.0% | 83.3% | 15.7% |
| blind tree edits | insertion | 2,659 | 5 | 58 | 0.0% | 99.8% | 0.2% |
| blind tree edits | deletion | 1,666 | 9 | 179 | 0.7% | 99.1% | 0.2% |
| blind tree edits | duplication | 2,539 | 70 | 571 | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% |
| blind tree edits | rewrite of a function | 2,706 | 11 | 240 | 0.0% | 97.7% | 2.3% |
| the 7B's lineage | point mutation | 2,377 | 1 | 1 | 0.4% | 82.3% | 17.3% |
| the 7B's lineage | insertion | 2,693 | 5 | 64 | 0.0% | 99.4% | 0.5% |
| the 7B's lineage | deletion | 1,739 | 9 | 196 | 0.5% | 99.0% | 0.5% |
| the 7B's lineage | duplication | 2,634 | 70 | 459 | 0.0% | 99.9% | 0.1% |
| the 7B's lineage | rewrite of a function | 2,914 | 19 | 150 | 1.1% | 87.9% | 11.0% |
| arm | steps | runs with one | median jump from the parent | max | median distance from PM-1 | final champion's median distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lineage | 56 | 17 of 17 | 12 | 123 | 227 | 830 |
| blind rules | 39 | 17 of 17 | 1 | 52 | 310 | 1113 |
| blind tree edits | 30 | 14 of 17 | 1 | 64 | 276 | 633 |
| the 7B's lineage | 27 | 17 of 17 | 12 | 66 | 104 | 104 |
The AI alone: 143 answers lived, median 707 edits from PM-1 (max 1680). Distances and fitness are in strata/era-2.landscape-2026-10-26.json; a distance of 1 is one node changed.
Each champion that crossed the ceiling was taken apart one unit at a time: a function of main.py that PM-1 also has was swapped for PM-1's, a function PM-1 does not have had its body replaced by a raise, and a file in modules/ was removed. Each knockout lived once on the panel, under era 2's budget and the run's seed, judged by decision/2, on one machine. Every champion lived there first as the control: 25 of 25 scored the record's panel score to the last digit on the same fuel. A unit "carries the crossing" when the champion falls to or under the ceiling without it; "contributes" when it scores less but stays above; "held it back" when the champion scores more with PM-1's version.
The recall flag: 243 layout genes read across the 25 champions, none with a literal table of coordinates (the rule: a list or tuple display of at least 12 numbers, or at least 4 nested rows of 2 or 3). None of the champions is a table; each computes its layout.
| run | arm | champion | panel | carries the crossing | contributes | held it back | no effect | dies without |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| era-2-1 | the AI alone | DQ-2 | 0.22702 | hex_grid(), layouts() | fit() | — | 2 | — |
| era-2-3 | the AI alone | DQ-2 | 0.22431 | hex_layout() | — | fit() | 4 | score_candidate(), main() |
| era-2-4 | the AI alone | DQ-6 | 0.22702 | hexagonal(), main() | — | — | 1 | — |
| era-2-4 | lineage | LQ-40-1 | 0.21627 | layout() | fit() | — | 7 | — |
| era-2-5 | lineage | LQ-82-4 | 0.20659 | layout() | fit() | layouts() | 11 | — |
| era-2-6 | the AI alone | DQ-2 | 0.22950 | hex_lattice(), main() | — | — | 1 | — |
| era-2-6 | lineage | LQ-34-1 | 0.20703 | layout() | — | fit() | 8 | — |
| era-2-7 | the AI alone | DQ-6 | 0.22702 | hexagonal(), layouts() | — | — | 4 | — |
| era-2-7 | lineage | LQ-35-3 | 0.21627 | layout() | fit() | — | 5 | — |
| era-2-8 | the AI alone | DQ-4 | 0.22926 | hex_layout(), main() | — | — | 1 | — |
| era-2-8 | lineage | LQ-50-13 | 0.21627 | layout() | fit() | — | 9 | — |
| era-2-9 | the AI alone | DQ-3 | 0.22431 | hexagonal_layout(), main() | fit() | — | 1 | — |
| era-2-9 | lineage | LQ-74-8 | 0.21627 | — | layout(), fit() | — | 14 | — |
| era-2-10 | the AI alone | DQ-4 | 0.22702 | hex_layout(), main() | — | — | 1 | — |
| era-2-10 | lineage | LQ-80-0 | 0.21627 | modules/layout.py | fit() | — | 14 | — |
| era-2-11 | the AI alone | DQ-9 | 0.23247 | — | hex_layout(), fit() | — | 2 | optimize_layout(), layouts() |
| era-2-12 | the AI alone | DQ-3 | 0.22702 | hexagonal(), main() | fit() | — | 1 | — |
| era-2-13 | the AI alone | DQ-8 | 0.22317 | local_search(), main() | perturbed_grid(), random_restart_local_search() | — | 0 | — |
| era-2-13 | lineage | LQ-59-3 | 0.21627 | layout() | fit() | — | 12 | — |
| era-2-14 | the AI alone | DQ-2 | 0.22702 | hexagonal(), main() | — | — | 2 | — |
| era-2-15 | the AI alone | DQ-0 | 0.22926 | hex_grid(), main() | fit() | — | 2 | — |
| era-2-15 | lineage | LQ-95-1 | 0.22543 | — | layout(), fit() | — | 18 | — |
| era-2-16 | the AI alone | DQ-6 | 0.22702 | hex_grid(), main() | fit() | — | 2 | — |
| era-2-16 | lineage | LQ-74-5 | 0.20703 | modules/layout_2.py | — | fit() | 17 | — |
| era-2-pilot (pilot) | lineage | LQ-46-12 | 0.21627 | modules/layout.py | fit() | — | 9 | — |
From strata/era-2.knockouts-2026-10-26.json.
Era 2 found structure that blind rules and blind tree search did not, and found it only where the stronger model wrote the rewrites. It also found that the same model, asked alone for whole programs, did better than its own lineage. These are proposals; nothing below is fixed until its protocol is written, hashed and timestamped before generation one.
A run's name is its seed. Each run's head is timestamped on Bitcoin through OpenTimestamps when it comes in. The sign-blind rule, which sees the sizes of the differences and never their signs, kept the era at sixteen runs.
Every run was replayed on the pod that wrote it, one model answer in ten asked again: thirteen of sixteen reproduce every line. In the other three, one life each differs, every one a life of millions of file calls near the host's 300-second wall-clock guard, which is not part of the physics: two met it in the replay and reproduce when relived alone, and one, the era's only quarantine, met it in the run itself and meets it again alone. No line that selection, a champion or the summary depends on differs. Away from home, era-2-1 replays every line from a fresh copy on a machine that did not write it. strata/era-2.replay-2026-10-26.json
| run | state | records | head | head timestamp |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| era-2-1 | complete | 14,678 | b4f8d42dae2ec221… | timestamped |
| era-2-2 | complete | 14,756 | 267ddead681bf7d8… | timestamped |
| era-2-3 | complete | 14,703 | dbfdd01317571e14… | timestamped |
| era-2-4 | complete | 14,477 | ce1ea4e4f0c3269f… | timestamped |
| era-2-5 | complete | 14,621 | 0293faeff1fb5b04… | timestamped |
| era-2-6 | complete | 14,572 | ab87852a373a85ad… | timestamped |
| era-2-7 | complete | 14,734 | aa1c59ebe0647c27… | timestamped |
| era-2-8 | complete | 14,649 | d693d205a95437e5… | timestamped |
| era-2-9 | complete | 14,544 | 25e741909314d1d1… | timestamped |
| era-2-10 | complete | 14,681 | c0871b7eecfbad13… | timestamped |
| era-2-11 | complete | 14,734 | 427382f177eeca9e… | timestamped |
| era-2-12 | complete | 14,510 | d3be7570aa0623f2… | timestamped |
| era-2-13 | complete | 14,985 | cc99cea3d82fd634… | timestamped |
| era-2-14 | complete | 14,719 | 17c935b3aef7d622… | timestamped |
| era-2-15 | complete | 14,771 | d77867d5172484fe… | timestamped |
| era-2-16 | complete | 14,609 | fcac56c50bb074f4… | timestamped |
| era-2-pilot | complete | 14,595 | 953f227ec6c1ef1e… | timestamped |